Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) is a life-threatening heart rhythm disorder characterized by rapid and erratic electrical impulses in the ventricles. This disorganized electrical activity prevents the heart from effectively pumping blood, leading to a sudden loss of blood circulation. VF is often associated with underlying heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, or cardiomyopathy, and can rapidly lead to cardiac arrest and death if not treated immediately.
Clinical Evaluation
Patient History: Review of symptoms, medical history, and potential risk factors such as previous heart disease or family history of sudden cardiac death.
Physical Examination: Assessment for signs of decreased blood flow, such as loss of consciousness, absence of pulse, or irregular heartbeats.
Diagnostic Tests
Electrocardiogram (ECG): The primary tool for diagnosing VF, showing rapid, erratic electrical activity in the ventricles.
Blood Tests: To check for cardiac biomarkers, electrolyte imbalances, or other conditions that might contribute to VF.
Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of the heart to evaluate its structure and function.
Coronary Angiography: To detect blockages in the coronary arteries that might have triggered VF.
Chest X-ray: To assess the size and shape of the heart and look for signs of heart failure.
Sudden collapse or loss of consciousness.
Absence of pulse.
No breathing or gasping for air.
Chest pain or discomfort (if VF is preceded by a heart attack).
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Rapid or irregular heartbeat.
Shortness of breath.
Immediate treatment for ventricular fibrillation is crucial to restore normal heart rhythm and prevent death.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): Providing chest compressions and rescue breaths to maintain blood flow to vital organs until advanced care is available.
Defibrillation: Using an automated external defibrillator (AED) or manual defibrillator to deliver an electric shock to the heart to restore normal rhythm.
Medications: Antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone or lidocaine may be administered to help stabilize the heart rhythm.
Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS): Further medical intervention in a hospital setting, including intubation, intravenous medications, and continuous ECG monitoring.
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD): A device implanted in the chest to continuously monitor heart rhythm and deliver shocks if VF recurs.
Treating Underlying Conditions: Addressing any underlying heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease or heart failure, through medication, lifestyle changes, or surgical interventions.
Post-Resuscitation Care: Intensive monitoring and treatment in a cardiac care unit to prevent recurrence and manage complications.